01 Knee
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- patella: in front of knee. Knee cap
- menisci: cushings
Bones
- where femur meets knee joint: 2 condyles
- tibia also has condyles
- tibial tuberosity: ligament attach to patella inserts here
Ligaments
ACL
- pull tibia forward in lower leg restricted
PCL
- find patellar first
- top bone: femur
- bottom bone: tibia
- left pic: black line attaching to anterior tibia (anterior cruciating)
- right pic: black line attach to posterior tibia (posterior cruciating)
Collateral
- valgus: distal bone in joint moves away from midline. V for upside down V
MCL
LCL
- does not attach to tibia but fibula
Menisci
- MRI: triangular black triangles on either side of knee
Injury
ACL
- ACL resists forward movement
PCL
- car crash, knee into dashboard, push lower leg backward
- increased backward movement of the tibia against a fixed femur
MCL
- push knee medially or pull laterally
- tackle in football or just twisted
- test: passively move leg into valgus position: medial space widens
Unhappy Triad
- foot planted, someone wacks from side, pushes knee medially
LCL
- difficult to injure, need force on inside of knee
- massive trauma that damages everything
Meniscus
- A meniscus injury typically shows a small joint effusion and crepitus, locking, or catching with range of motion.
Others
- joints often surrounded by bursa
- slippery cushings
- any injury would cause cyst from communication of synovium and bursa
- degenerative osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis
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